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Orlando António Fernandes da Costa (July 1929 − 27 January 2006) was a Portuguese writer. He was an eminent novelist and poet, author of the prize-winning novels O signo da ira (1961) and O Último Olhar de Manú Miranda (2000), and of many other literary works. Of Goan descent on his father Luís Afonso Maria da Costa's side and of Portuguese and French on his mother Amélia Maria Fréchaut Fernandes' side, he was born in Lourenço Marques, Mozambique, a Portuguese colony at the time. He spent his youth in Margao, Goa, Portuguese India, another Portuguese colony. At the age of 18, he left Goa and traveled to Lisbon, where he studied history and philosophy at the Universidade de Lisboa. In 1951, Costa published his first work, a poetry book entitled A Estrada e a Voz . He continued publishing, not only poetry, but also drama and romance. During the 1950s, Orlando da Costa spent most of his time in the House of the Students of the Empire , an institution mainly built to house stud...

Portuguese Ceylon Ceilão Português (Portuguese) පෘතුගීසි ලංකාව (Sinhalese) போர்த்துகீசியம் இலங்கை (Tamil) Portuguese colony 1597–1658 Flag Coat of arms Extent of Portuguese rule in Ceylon Capital Colombo Languages Portuguese Sinhalese Tamil Religion Roman Catholicism Political structure Colony King of Portugal  •  1597–1598 Philip I  •  1598–1621 Philip II  •  1621–1640 Philip III  •  1640–1656 John IV  •  1656–1658 Afonso VI Governors  •  1597–1614 Jerónimo de Azevedo  •  1656–1658 António de Amaral de Meneses Historical era Colonialism  •  Portuguese arrival 1505  •  Death of Dharmapala of Kotte 27 May 1597  •  Luso–Kandyan Treaty 1633  •  Surrender of Jaffna June 1658 Preceded by Succeeded by Kingdom of Kotte Kingdom of Jaffna Dutch Ceylon Today part of   Sri Lanka Portuguese Ceylon (Portuguese: Ceilão Português , Sinhala: පෘතුගීසි ලංකාව Puruthugisi Lankawa ) was the control of the Kingdom of Kott...

For a non-technical introduction to the topic, see Introduction to genetics. For the rock type, see phenotype (igneous petrology). The shells of individuals within the bivalve mollusk species Donax variabilis show diverse coloration and patterning in their phenotypes. Here the relation between genotype and phenotype is illustrated, using a Punnett square, for the character of petal color in pea plants. The letters B and b represent genes for color, and the pictures show the resultant flowers. A phenotype (from Greek phainein , meaning 'to show', and typos , meaning 'type') is the composite of an organism's observable characteristics or traits, such as its morphology, development, biochemical or physiological properties, behavior, and products of behavior (such as a bird's nest). A phenotype results from the expression of an organism's genetic code, its genotype, as well as the influence of environmental factors and the interactions between the two. When...