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President John Adams saw most of his appointments undone when the circuit courts to which they were appointed were abolished.

Following is a list of all Article III federal judges appointed by John Adams. In total, John Adams appointed 22 Article III United States federal judges during his tenure (1797–1801) as President of the United States. Of these, 3 were appointments to the Supreme Court of the United States, 15 were to the United States circuit courts, and 4 to the United States district courts. Thirteen of the fifteen circuit court judges appointed by Adams were to positions created at the end of his tenure in office, in the Judiciary Act of 1801, 2 Stat. 89, which became known as the Midnight Judges Act. All of these offices were abolished by the repeal of this Act on July 1, 1802, by 2 Stat. 132. The remaining two were to judgeships for the District of Columbia, authorized under a different Act of Congress, not the Judiciary Act.

Nonetheless, Adams made an indelible impact on the federal judiciary with the appointment of John Marshall as Chief Justice to succeed Oliver Ellsworth, who had retired due to ill health. Adams himself called this appointment "the proudest act of my life."^[1]

It is without question that the most significant impact John Adams had on the judiciary was the appointment of Chief Justice John Marshall.

William Cranch was later elevated by Thomas Jefferson to Chief Judge of the District of Columbia Circuit, and was one of the longest-serving federal judges in U.S. history.

Elijah Paine was one of two District Court judges appointed by Adams whose service surpassed the forty year mark.

United States Supreme Court Justices

#	Justice	Seat	State	Former Justice	Nomination date	Confirmation date	Began active service	Ended active service
7000100000000000000♠1	Bushrod Washington	3	Virginia	James Wilson	December 19, 1798	December 20, 1798	September 29, 1798^[2]	November 26, 1829
7000200000000000000♠2	Alfred Moore	5	North Carolina	James Iredell	December 4, 1799	December 10, 1799	December 10, 1799	January 26, 1804
7000300000000000000♠3	John Marshall	Chief	Virginia	Oliver Ellsworth	January 20, 1801	January 27, 1801	January 31, 1801	July 6, 1835

Also appointed, but declined: John Jay (Chief Justice).

Circuit Courts

#	Judge	Circuit	Nomination date	Confirmation date	Began active service	Ended active service
7000100000000000000♠1	Richard Bassett	Third	February 18, 1801	February 20, 1801	February 20, 1801^[3]	July 1, 1802
7000200000000000000♠2	Egbert Benson	Second	February 18, 1801	February 20, 1801	February 20, 1801^[4]	July 1, 1802
7000300000000000000♠3	Benjamin Bourne	First	February 18, 1801	February 20, 1801	February 20, 1801^[3]	July 1, 1802
7000400000000000000♠4	William Griffith	Third	February 18, 1801	February 20, 1801	February 20, 1801^[3]	July 1, 1802
7000500000000000000♠5	Samuel Hitchcock	Second	February 18, 1801	February 20, 1801	February 20, 1801^[3]	July 1, 1802
7000600000000000000♠6	Philip Barton Key	Fourth	February 18, 1801	February 20, 1801	February 20, 1801^[3]	March 3, 1801^[5]
7000610000000000000♠6.1	Philip Barton Key	Fourth	February 25, 1801	February 26, 1801	March 3, 1801^[6]	July 1, 1802
7000700000000000000♠7	John Lowell	First	February 18, 1801	February 20, 1801	February 20, 1801^[4]	May 6, 1802
7000800000000000000♠8	Jeremiah Smith	First	February 18, 1801	February 20, 1801	February 20, 1801^[3]	July 1, 1802
7000900000000000000♠9	George Keith Taylor	Fourth	February 18, 1801	February 20, 1801	February 20, 1801^[3]	July 1, 1802
7001100000000000000♠10	Oliver Wolcott Jr.	Second	February 18, 1801	February 20, 1801	February 20, 1801^[3]	July 1, 1802
7001110000000000000♠11	William McClung	Sixth	February 21, 1801	February 24, 1801	February 24, 1801^[3]	July 1, 1802
7001120000000000000♠12	William Cranch	D.C.	February 28, 1801	March 3, 1801	March 3, 1801^[3]	February 24, 1806^[7]
7001130000000000000♠13	Charles Magill	Fourth	February 25, 1801	February 26, 1801	March 3, 1801^[3]	July 1, 1802
7001140000000000000♠14	James Markham Marshall	D.C.	February 28, 1801	March 3, 1801	March 3, 1801^[3]	November 16, 1803
7001150000000000000♠15	William Tilghman	Third	February 26, 1801	March 2, 1801	March 3, 1801^[4]	July 1, 1802

Also appointed, but declined: Thomas Bee (5th circuit), Joseph Clay Jr. (5th circuit), Jared Ingersoll (3rd circuit), Thomas Johnson (D.C. circuit), Charles Lee (4th circuit), and John Sitgreaves (5th circuit).

District Courts

#	Judge	Court ^{[Note 1]}	Nomination date	Confirmation date	Began active service	Ended active service
7000100000000000000♠1	John Sloss Hobart	D.N.Y.	April 11, 1798	April 12, 1798	April 12, 1798	February 4, 1805
7000200000000000000♠2	James Winchester	D. Md.	December 5, 1799	December 10, 1799	October 31, 1799^[8]	April 5, 1806
7000300000000000000♠3	John Davis	D. Mass.	February 18, 1801	February 20, 1801	February 20, 1801	July 10, 1841
7000400000000000000♠4	Elijah Paine	D. Vt.	February 24, 1801	February 25, 1801	March 3, 1801	April 1, 1842

Notes

^ See List of United States district and territorial courts

References

^ Unger, Harlow Giles (November 16, 2014). "Why Naming John Marshall Chief Justice Was John Adams's "Greatest Gift" to the Nation". History News Network. Retrieved February 8, 2017.

^ Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 19, 1798, confirmed by the United States Senate on December 20, 1798, and received commission on December 20, 1798.

^ ^a^b^c^d^e^f^g^hⁱ^j^k^l Appointed as an Associate Judge.

^ ^a^b^c Appointed as Chief Judge.

^ Laterally appointed as Chief Judge of the same court on March 3, 1801.

^ Laterally appointed as Chief Judge after previously serving as an Associate Judge of the same court.

^ Laterally appointed as Chief Judge of the same court on February 24, 1806.

^ Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 5, 1799, confirmed by the United States Senate on December 10, 1799, and received commission on December 10, 1799.

Sources

Federal Judicial Center

[courts-8] See List of United States district and territorial courts

[1] Unger, Harlow Giles (November 16, 2014). "Why Naming John Marshall Chief Justice Was John Adams's "Greatest Gift" to the Nation". History News Network. Retrieved February 8, 2017.

[2] Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 19, 1798, confirmed by the United States Senate on December 20, 1798, and received commission on December 20, 1798.

[auto-3] ⁱ^j^k^l Appointed as an Associate Judge.

[auto1-4] Appointed as Chief Judge.

[5] Laterally appointed as Chief Judge of the same court on March 3, 1801.

[6] Laterally appointed as Chief Judge after previously serving as an Associate Judge of the same court.

[7] Laterally appointed as Chief Judge of the same court on February 24, 1806.

[9] Recess appointment; formally nominated on December 5, 1799, confirmed by the United States Senate on December 10, 1799, and received commission on December 10, 1799.

v t e John Adams
2nd President of the United States, 1797–1801 1st Vice President of the United States, 1789–1797 U.S. Ambassador to the United Kingdom, 1785–1788 U.S. Ambassador to the Netherlands, 1782–1788 Delegate, Second Continental Congress, 1775–1778 Delegate, First Continental Congress, 1774
Founding of the United States	Braintree Instructions (1765) Boston Massacre defense Continental Association Novanglus; A History of the Dispute with America, From Its Origin in 1754 to the Present Time (1775) Thoughts on Government (1776) Declaration of Independence May 15 preamble Committee of Five Model Treaty Treaty of Amity and Commerce Treaty of Alliance Board of War Chairman of the Marine Committee, 1775-1779 Continental Navy Staten Island Peace Conference Conference House Constitution of Massachusetts (1780) Treaty of Paris, 1783
Presidency	Inauguration Quasi War with France XYZ Affair Commerce Protection Act United States Marine Corps Convention of 1800 Alien and Sedition Acts Naturalization Act of 1798 Navy Department Library Treaty of Tellico Treaty of Tripoli Midnight Judges Act Marbury v. Madison State of the Union Address (1797 1798 1799 1800) Cabinet Federal judiciary appointments
Other writings	Massachusetts Historical Society holdings Adams Papers Editorial Project
Life and homes	Early life and education Adams National Historical Park John Adams Birthplace Family home and John Quincy Adams birthplace Peacefield Presidential Library Massachusetts Hall, Harvard University Presidents House, Philadelphia Co-founder and second president, American Academy of Arts and Sciences United First Parish Church and gravesite
Elections	United States presidential election 1788–1789 1792 1796 1800
Legacy	Adams House at Harvard University John Adams Building U.S. Postage stamps Adams Memorial
Popular culture	Profiles in Courage (1964 series) American Primitive (1969 play) 1776 (1969 musical 1972 film) The Adams Chronicles (1976 miniseries) Liberty! (1997 documentary series) Liberty's Kids (2002 animated series) John Adams (2001 book 2008 miniseries) Sons of Liberty (2015 miniseries)
Related	"Adams and Liberty" campaign song Adams' personal library American Enlightenment Congress Hall Federalist Party Federalist Era First Party System republicanism American Philosophical Society Gazette of the United States The American Museum American Revolution patriots
Family	Abigail Adams wife Quincy family Abigail Adams Smith (daughter) John Quincy Adams son presidency Charles Adams (son) Thomas Boylston Adams (son) George W. Adams (grandson) Charles Adams Sr. (grandson) John Adams II (grandson) John Q. Adams (great-grandson) Henry Adams (great-grandson) Brooks Adams (great-grandson) John Adams Sr. (father) Susanna Boylston (mother) Elihu Adams (brother) Samuel Adams (second cousin) Louisa Adams daughter-in-law First Lady
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v t e United States Presidents and the judiciary
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All presidential judicial appointments	Judicial appointment history for United States federal courts Washington J. Adams Jefferson Madison Monroe J.Q. Adams Jackson Van Buren W. Harrison Tyler Polk Taylor Fillmore Pierce Buchanan Lincoln A. Johnson Grant Hayes Garfield Arthur Cleveland (I) B. Harrison Cleveland (II) McKinley T. Roosevelt Taft Wilson Harding Coolidge Hoover F. Roosevelt Truman Eisenhower Kennedy L. Johnson Nixon Ford Carter Reagan G.H.W. Bush Clinton G.W. Bush Obama Trump
Appointment controversies	L. Johnson Nixon Ford Carter Reagan G.H.W. Bush Clinton G.W. Bush Obama Trump
List of Presidents of the United States by judicial appointments Unsuccessful Supreme Court nominations Supreme Court demographics

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Fuykgyu

List of federal judges appointed by John Adams

Contents

United States Supreme Court Justices

Circuit Courts

District Courts

See also

Notes

References

Sources

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