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This article is about sex assignment in humans. For sex assignment in other animals, see sexing. Sex assignment (sometimes known as gender assignment ) is the determination of an infant's sex at birth. [1] In the majority of births, a relative, midwife, nurse or physician inspects the genitalia when the baby is delivered, and sex and gender are assigned, without the expectation of ambiguity. [2] Assignment may also be done prior to birth through prenatal sex discernment. In the majority of cases, sex assignment at birth matches the child's sex. The number of births where the baby does not really fit into strict definitions of the female and male sexes may be as high as 1.7%, of which 0.5% are due to visibly ambiguous genitals. [3] [4] [5] Other reasons include atypical chromosomes, gonads, or hormones. [6] These conditions are collectively called intersex or disorders of sex development, and may complicate sex assignment. [7] Reinforcing sex assignments through surgic...